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  • PRODUCTS
    • Assay Kit Platform & Formats
    • Reporter Assays By Receptor
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      • In Vitro Hepatotoxicity Assay Kit & Screening Services
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    • Environmental Monitoring Assays
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    • Live Cell Multiplex
  • SERVICES
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Scientific Whitepapers

Scientific whitepapers and research written by the INDIGO team.

Nuclear Receptor Profiling

INTRODUCTION Nuclear Receptors act as transcription factors that mediate the effects of certain hormones, drugs, and other xenobiotics by modulating the expression of specific genes involved in many cellular functions such as development, reproduction, and metabolism. Conserved functional domains of nuclear receptors such as the DNA-binding domain (DBD), ligand-binding domain (LBD), N- and C-terminal transcriptionalRead More

Posted in Whitepapers | Tagged Nuclear Receptor profiling | Comments Off on Nuclear Receptor Profiling

Xenobiotic, Bile Acid, and Cholesterol Transporters

INTRODUCTION Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad variety of drugs, nutrients, and xenobiotics (1-3). The liver is the primary organ for the metabolic degradation of xenobiotics. Transmembrane transport proteins from the ATP binding cassette (ABC) and the solute carrier (SLC) families mediate the uptake and efflux of endogenous compounds,Read More

Posted in Whitepapers | Comments Off on Xenobiotic, Bile Acid, and Cholesterol Transporters

Species Differences in Pregnane X Receptor Activation: Examination of common laboratory animal species

INTRODUCTION Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors found in many species that regulate the expression of important target genes involved in a spectrum of developmental and physiological processes. In addition to ligand binding, the transcriptional activities of NRs are also modulated through a range of protein-protein interactions with coregulatory proteins, either with coactivator orRead More

Posted in Whitepapers | Tagged ortholog, PXR | Comments Off on Species Differences in Pregnane X Receptor Activation: Examination of common laboratory animal species

Drug-Nutrient Interactions and Nuclear Receptors

INTRODUCTION There are several clinically relevant instances of a food or dietary supplement altering the activity of a pharmaceutical agent. For example, St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), a popular herbal antidepressant, affects pharmacokinetic actions of HIV protease inhibitors, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and oral contraceptives. Drug-nutrient interaction (DNI) represents a relationship between a medication and one orRead More

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Gene Expression: Nuclear Receptors

INTRODUCTION There are four main classes of receptors, Ion channels, G-protein coupled (GPCR), receptor tyrosine kinase and soluble (also called intracellular) receptors. The first three have ligands that are mainly present in the extracellular space (water soluble ligands). The binding of ligand causes a change in the shape/function of the protein that generates a signalRead More

Posted in Whitepapers | Tagged AhR, AR, ERa, ERb, gene expression, GR, PGR, RAR, TRa, TRb, VDR | Comments Off on Gene Expression: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear Receptors & Endocrine / Metabolic Disruption

INTRODUCTION There are many important environmental chemicals that are of concern due to their ability to affect the endocrine system, so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Compounds that cause endocrine disruption may do so by altering drug and xenobiotic metabolic processes; hence, a subgroup of EDCs may also be considered “metabolic disruptors” as well. In thisRead More

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